试论《明人十二像册》高度写真风格的中国渊源     

黄乐乐 《美育学刊》2020,11(2):116-120

现藏于南京博物院的一批无款写真头像《明人十二像册》,是中国写实画的一座高峰。对于这个像册的绘画风格,现当代学者多半都偏向认为是受到西方绘画的影响。但经与西方圣像画比较研究,像册仍属于中国本土的绘画传统,受到了宋代山水画和花鸟画高度写真精神的影响。  相似文献   

坦桑尼亚县域与城乡交通通达水平空间格局特征     

张家旗  陈爽  高群  ISMAEL A. Kimirei 《中国科学院大学学报》2019,36(6):766-773

坦桑尼亚是"一带一路"倡议通向非洲、辐射非洲内陆的重要门户，它在快速城市化过程中面临交通基础设施严重短缺问题。基于坦桑尼亚公路、铁路、机场、港口、人口和城市分布数据，运用GIS空间分析技术，结合交通通达指数模型，从县域与城乡两个层面对坦桑尼亚交通通达水平的空间格局特征进行定量分析。研究发现：1）坦桑尼亚县域交通通达水平空间分布极不均衡，高值连片区主要位于东北沿海和维多利亚湖沿岸，低值连片区主要位于中央铁路线中段以北、中央铁路线南部的广大地区；2）受地理区位、资源禀赋、殖民历史、政府政策等影响，城市与乡村地区之间的交通通达水平差异十分显著。研究结果有助于坦桑尼亚制定区域交通发展政策和优化资源配置，同时对中-坦产业精准对接和产能转移具有一定的促进意义。  相似文献   

基于平昌冬奥会赛况及主场优势对我国雪车和钢架雪车发展的启示          下载免费PDF全文

武林志  唐琨  段玉丞 《体育科研》2019,(3):15-19

通过分析平昌冬奥会雪车和钢架雪车的赛况及主场优势，探索雪车和钢架雪车的发展规律，力求为我国雪车和钢架雪车项目的发展提供借鉴和参考。收集整理雪车和钢架雪车项目基本信息、平昌冬奥会赛况、获奖运动员信息及主场优势。研究发现：平昌冬奥会雪车和钢架雪车项目获奖运动员身材高大、年龄偏高；雪车和钢架雪车项目运动员跨界、跨项比例非常高；初学雪车和钢架雪车的年龄与运动成绩无直接联系，有丰富运动经历、运动水平较高、年龄略小（20岁以下）的其他项目运动员（田径）可转雪车和钢架雪车，且运动成绩提升速度快，通常在训练两年后，可达世界高级水平；雪车和钢架雪车训练和比赛的赛道极其稀缺，有限的赛道集中在东道主国家，这些国家的运动员较其他国家运动员有更多的时间熟悉赛道，这可能在一定程度上增加获胜的几率。  相似文献   

Understanding the topic evolution of scientific literatures like an evolving city: Using Google Word2Vec model and spatial autocorrelation analysis     

Kai Hu  Qing Luo  Kunlun Qi  Siluo Yang  Jin Mao  Xiaokang Fu  Jie Zheng  Huayi Wu  Ya Guo  Qibing Zhu 《Information processing & management》2019,56(4):1185-1203

Topic evolution has been described by many approaches from a macro level to a detail level, by extracting topic dynamics from text in literature and other media types. However, why the evolution happens is less studied. In this paper, we focus on whether and how the keyword semantics can invoke or affect the topic evolution. We assume that the semantic relatedness among the keywords can affect topic popularity during literature surveying and citing process, thus invoking evolution. However, the assumption is needed to be confirmed in an approach that fully considers the semantic interactions among topics. Traditional topic evolution analyses in scientometric domains cannot provide such support because of using limited semantic meanings. To address this problem, we apply the Google Word2Vec, a deep learning language model, to enhance the keywords with more complete semantic information. We further develop the semantic space as an urban geographic space. We analyze the topic evolution geographically using the measures of spatial autocorrelation, as if keywords are the changing lands in an evolving city. The keyword citations (keyword citation counts one when the paper containing this keyword obtains a citation) are used as an indicator of keyword popularity. Using the bibliographical datasets of the geographical natural hazard field, experimental results demonstrate that in some local areas, the popularity of keywords is affecting that of the surrounding keywords. However, there are no significant impacts on the evolution of all keywords. The spatial autocorrelation analysis identifies the interaction patterns (including High-High leading, High-Low suppressing) among the keywords in local areas. This approach can be regarded as an analyzing framework borrowed from geospatial modeling. Moreover, the prediction results in local areas are demonstrated to be more accurate if considering the spatial autocorrelations.  相似文献   

国家治理现代化视域下我国体育智库的责任与担当     

杨涛 《河北体育学院学报》2020,34(6):50-55

党的十九届四中全会明确提出了“坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重大意义和总体要求”。在新的历史时期，我国体育智库的新使命在于推进体育强国、健康中国和体育治理现代化建设。基于此，采用文献资料法和逻辑分析法，从外部和内部两个角度，对我国体育智库的责任和担当进行深入探讨。认为体育智库对内要注重更新管理体制，完善运行机制，建设和优化人才培养体系；对外要通过科研成果转化实现体育产业高质量发展，重塑体育治理生态，提升国家体育文化软实力和国际体育地位硬实力，促进体育融合发展，最终服务于我国体育治理体系和治理能力现代化。  相似文献   

大学经典推荐书目的遴选标准与发展特点     

张微 《图书情报工作》2020,64(7):67-72

[目的/意义] 经典阅读处于学生通识教育的核心环节，大学经典推荐书目在"读什么""怎么读"的核心教育环节发挥着重要作用。分析和确立大学经典推荐书目的遴选标准，探究其发展特点，对于优化经典书目编制、推动经典阅读，具有十分重要的意义。[方法/过程] 通过网络调研和电话访谈梳理部分"双一流"高校的官方经典推荐书目，分析我国高校经典推荐书目的产生过程与背景。[结果/结论] 大学经典推荐书目在遴选上重视中国传统经典，也注重借鉴西方经典；人文社会科学经典与自然科学经典遴选相对均衡；发掘元典书目新生，重视充实有价值的影响书目。同时，在阅读推广实践中，呈现出尊重阅读主体、重视首因效应发挥、丰富创新推介载体，以及差异化、层次化、定制化的发展特点，体现出高校党政领导的重视和图书馆的主动作为。  相似文献   

灰色预测法在情报研究中的应用研究综述     

张晶晶  李泽霞 《图书情报工作》2020,64(24):106-114

[目的/意义] 灰色预测法可有效处理情报研究中广泛存在的小样本数据，通过对灰色预测法在情报研究中的应用情况进行梳理，总结其在应用过程中存在的不足，为灰色预测法在情报研究中的进一步应用提供参考。[方法/过程] 通过综述情报研究中涉及灰色预测法的相关文献，从数据选取、模型构建和解决的问题等方面对情报研究中灰色预测法的应用进行概述，总结当前情报研究中灰色预测法的应用所存在的问题，并提出改进建议。[结果/结论] 在方法应用上，已有研究主要采用数列灰预测，且模型集中在单变量灰色预测模型，根据预测对象不同，灰色预测法已经在包括期刊分析、图书馆运行管理、热点主题分析及科研机构评价方面得到了很好的应用，未来可根据预测对象特点及研究目标尝试不同的灰色预测方法，扩宽灰色预测法在其他方面的情报研究问题中的应用。  相似文献   

Co-occurrence of adverse childhood experiences and its association with family characteristics. A latent class analysis with Dutch population data     

《Child abuse & neglect》2019

BackgroundAlthough adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are relatively common among children, there is limited knowledge on the co-occurrence of such experiences.ObjectiveThe current study therefore investigates co-occurrence of childhood adversity in the Netherlands and whether specific clusters are more common among certain types of families.Participants and SettingRepresentative data from the Family Survey Dutch population 2018 (N = 3,128) are employed.MethodWe estimate Latent Class Analysis (LCA) models to investigate co-occurrence of ACEs. As ACEs we examine maltreatment, household dysfunction, demographic family events, as well as financial and chronic health problems. Gradual measures for maltreatment and financial problems are studied to make it possible to differentiate with regard to the severity of experiences.ResultsOur results show that four ACE clusters may be identified: ‘Low ACE’, ‘Moderate ACE: Household dysfunction’, ‘Moderate ACE: Maltreatment’ and ‘High ACE’. Regression analyses indicated that mother’s age at first childbirth and the number of siblings were related to experiencing childhood adversity. We found limited evidence for ACEs to be related to a family’s socioeconomic position.ConclusionThe found clusters of ACEs reflect severity of childhood adversity, but also the types of adversity a child experienced. For screening and prevention of childhood adversity as well as research on its consequences, it is relevant to acknowledge this co-occurrence of types and severity of adversity.  相似文献   

‘He is the Vagabond that Hath No Habitation in the Lord’: The Representation of Quakerism as Vagrancy in Interregnum England,c. 1650–1660     

David Hitchcock 《Cultural and Social History》2018,15(1):21-37

This article examines the printed representation, and prosecutorial characterisation, of the movements, actions and motivations of early Quakers as vagrant. It argues that the prevalence and power of representing (and subsequently treating) early Quakers as vagrants is an understudied aspect of the social and cultural history of the Society of Friends, particularly in Interregnum England. As evidence, it interrogates a furious pamphlet debate between mid-century religious writers and preachers, who devoted much time and ink to painting Quakers as mendacious vagabonds, and Quaker ‘First Publishers’, who responded at length and in a striking way to these accusations. The article concludes that these images of Quakerism as a form of ‘spiritual vagrancy’ created historically significant echoes in English and Atlantic culture.  相似文献   

Finding the missing Einsteins: Expanding the breadth of cognitive and noncognitive measures used in academic services     

《Contemporary educational psychology》2020

Education researchers, policymakers, and practitioners are concerned with identifying and developing talent for students with fewer opportunities, especially students from historically marginalized groups. An emerging body of research suggests “universally screening” or testing all students, then matching those students with appropriate educational challenges, is effective in helping marginalized students. However, most tests have focused on two areas: math and verbal reasoning. We leverage three nationally representative samples of the U.S. population at different time points that include both novel cognitive measures (e.g., spatial, mechanical, and abstract reasoning) and non-cognitive measures (e.g., conscientiousness, creativity or word fluency, leadership skill, and artistic skill) to uncover which measures would improve proportional representation of marginalized groups in talent identification procedures. We find that adding spatial reasoning measures in particular—as well as other non-cognitive measures such as conscientiousness, leadership, and creativity—are worthwhile to consider for universal screening procedures for students to narrow achievement gaps at every level of education, including for gifted students. By showing that these nontraditional measures both improve proportional representation of underrepresented groups and have reasonable predictive validity, we also broaden the definition of what it means to be “gifted” and expand opportunities for students from historically marginalized groups.  相似文献